10個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，讀懂西班牙新《商標(biāo)法》2019-02-18kg-吳雙（翻譯）PONS IP 官網(wǎng)下載文件：暫時(shí)沒有下載文件
1月14日，西班牙開始實(shí)施商標(biāo)法改革。此次修改將會(huì)同時(shí)影響新的商標(biāo)申請(qǐng)人和已經(jīng)擁有西班牙商標(biāo)的申請(qǐng)人。因此，我們將西班牙新《商標(biāo)法》的內(nèi)容歸納為十個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，以了解西班牙新《商標(biāo)法》的改革內(nèi)容，以及今后商標(biāo)所有人應(yīng)注意的問題。
1、為何要修改《商標(biāo)法》
《商標(biāo)法》中引入的這些變化是為了適應(yīng)西班牙立法適應(yīng)（歐盟）第2015/2436號(hào)指令的需要，該指令包括商標(biāo)保護(hù)領(lǐng)域的眾多修改。其主要目標(biāo)是優(yōu)化整個(gè)歐盟的商標(biāo)申請(qǐng)和注冊(cè)程序，增加法律的確定性，促進(jìn)各國(guó)商標(biāo)制度與歐盟商標(biāo)制度的共存與平衡。
2、取消“圖形表達(dá)”要求
最重要的變化之一是取消了對(duì)圖形表示的要求。到目前為止，圖形表示一直是西班牙專利商標(biāo)局（SPTO）接受某一商標(biāo)的條件。這意味著任何能被清晰準(zhǔn)確復(fù)制的顯著標(biāo)志都有資格得到保護(hù)。這一變化擴(kuò)大了可以在西班牙注冊(cè)的非傳統(tǒng)商標(biāo)的范圍，如彩色商標(biāo)、全息圖、聲音和運(yùn)動(dòng)商標(biāo)、形狀和位置商標(biāo)等，這一系列保護(hù)獨(dú)特的標(biāo)志的可能性，使客戶對(duì)他們的商標(biāo)的認(rèn)知更為強(qiáng)烈。
3. 異議階段加入“使用證據(jù)”
最顯著的變化之一是異議程序的變化，即注冊(cè)商標(biāo)反對(duì)相似或相同的顯著標(biāo)志注冊(cè)的過程。自即日起，新申請(qǐng)人可以要求反對(duì)其注冊(cè)的人證明該商標(biāo)的真實(shí)、有效使用情況(注冊(cè)滿5年以上的)。異議人不能證明其使用或者援引正當(dāng)理由的，駁回其異議。
4. 取消“著名商標(biāo)（notorious trademark）”與“馳名商標(biāo)（well-known trademark）”區(qū)別
新《商標(biāo)法》消除了這兩種非常特殊的商標(biāo)之間的區(qū)別，將它們統(tǒng)一為“馳名商標(biāo)（well-known trademark）”。這些商標(biāo)應(yīng)當(dāng)為公眾所熟知和分享，這使其所有者可以反對(duì)與自己的商標(biāo)相同或類似的商標(biāo)申請(qǐng)，即使他們指定了不同的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)。
5. 嚴(yán)厲打擊侵權(quán)措施
這項(xiàng)改革使商標(biāo)所有者如發(fā)現(xiàn)某些商品上的標(biāo)識(shí)與自己的商標(biāo)完全相同或幾乎完全相同，則所有者有可能阻止來自第三國(guó)的這些商品進(jìn)入西班牙，無需提出請(qǐng)求，所有以上所述的產(chǎn)品都不可在西班牙銷售，這大大地加強(qiáng)了對(duì)反侵權(quán)行為的保護(hù)。
6. 開放合法化系統(tǒng)
自1月14日起，任何個(gè)人或法人均可在西班牙申請(qǐng)商標(biāo)或商號(hào)注冊(cè)，無論其國(guó)籍、居住地或國(guó)際協(xié)議如何。
7. 加強(qiáng)對(duì)原產(chǎn)地標(biāo)志和地理標(biāo)志的保護(hù)
新《商標(biāo)法》加強(qiáng)了對(duì)地理標(biāo)志（PGI）和原產(chǎn)地標(biāo)志（PDO）的保護(hù)；對(duì)于第三方提出的與PGI或PDO相同或類似的商標(biāo)申請(qǐng)，SPTO可以通過提出相應(yīng)的異議，以絕對(duì)或相對(duì)的理由予以拒絕。
8. 商標(biāo)限制包括植物品種名稱
這項(xiàng)改革對(duì)包括或復(fù)制植物品種名稱的商標(biāo)的注冊(cè)提出了具體的禁止，從而澄清和加強(qiáng)了保護(hù)植物品種，不受隨后商標(biāo)注冊(cè)的影響。
9. 西班牙專利商標(biāo)局（SPTO）的新權(quán)力
該法賦予西班牙專利商標(biāo)局對(duì)商標(biāo)無效和撤銷事宜的直接管轄權(quán)。這意味著西班牙專利商標(biāo)局可宣布任何已注冊(cè)的商標(biāo)無效。迄今為止，主管法院幾乎在所有案件中都遇到過這一問題，因此，這一改變將加速這種程序并大大減少其費(fèi)用。這一點(diǎn)改革將于2023年1月生效。
10. 為商標(biāo)所有者和新申請(qǐng)人提供的建議
原文：
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Ten keys to understanding the new Trademark Law
Carmen González?
The reform of the Trademark Law entered into force in Spain on January 14. The modifications that are incorporated shall affect both new trademark applicants and those who already own one. Therefore, from PONS IP, we have summarized the new Law in ten key points to understand what this reform consists of and?what trademark owners should take into account from now on.
1.?? ?Why the Law is Amended
The changes introduced in the Trademark Law respond to the need to adapt Spanish legislation to?Directive (EU) 2015/2436?which includes numerous modifications in the field of trademark protection. Its main objective is to optimize trademark application and registration procedures throughout the European Union, to increase legal certainty and to promote the coexistence and balance between national trademark systems and those of the EU.
? 2.?? ?The requirement for "graphical representation" disappears One of the most significant changes is that the requirement for graphic representation has been removed, which until now had been a condition for any trademark to be accepted by the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office (SPTO). This means that?any distinctive sign that can be clearly and precisely reproduced shall be eligible for protection. This change broadens the spectrum of non-conventional trademarks that can be registered in Spain, such as color trademarks, holograms, sound and movement trademarks, shape and position trademarks; a whole range of possibilities to protect distinctive signs that appeal more strongly to the perceptions that clients have about their trademarks. ??
3.?? ?Introduction of "proof of use" in opposition proceedings One of the most striking changes is the one affecting the opposition procedure, proceeding through which registered trademarks oppose the registration of similar or identical distinctive signs. From now on, the new applicants shall be able to require those who oppose their registration to prove a?genuine and current use of the trademark in question?(provided that it has been registered for at least 5 years). If the opponent cannot prove such use or invoke any justifiable cause, the opposition shall be rejected.?
4. ? The distinction between "notorious trademark" and "well-known trademark" disappears (and all will be renamed from now on)
The New Law has eliminated the distinction between these two very special types of trademarks, unifying them under?"well-known trademark". Such trademarks should be highly known and shared among the public, which allows their owners, among other things, to oppose applications for trademarks identical or similar to their own, even if they designate different products or services.
5.?? ?Tougher measures against piracy The reform gives trademark owners the possibility of?preventing the introduction into Spain of goods from third-countries?containing a sign identical or virtually identical to their own; all without requiring, as hitherto, that the products in question be marketed here, which means a significant strengthening of protection against acts of piracy.
6. ? Open legitimization system
Since January 14, any individual or legal entity can apply for the registration of a trademark or trade name in Spain regardless of circumstances related to their nationality, residence or international agreements.
7. Greater protection for protected designations of origin and geographical indications The protection of geographical indications (PGI) and designations of origin (PDO) is reinforced by this Law; applications for trademarks identical or similar to that of a PGI or PDO by a third-party may be refused by the SPTO both on?absolute and relative grounds of refusal through the filing of the corresponding opposition.
8.?? ?Restrictions for trademarks including plant variety denominations The reform introduces a specific prohibition on the registration of trademarks consisting of or reproducing the denomination of a plant variety which clarifies and reinforces the conditions for its protection against attempts to register subsequent trademarks.
9.?? ?New competencies for the SPTO The Law confers direct jurisdiction on the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office in matters of?trademark nullity and revocation. This means that this office may declare any trademark already registered null ?This is a matter that, until now, had been fixed by the competent courts in almost all cases, and this change shall therefore speed up this type of procedure and significantly reduce its cost. However, we will have to wait until January 2023 for this point of the reform to enter into force. or expired.
10.?? ?Recommendations for trademark owners and new applicants The new system adds, in short, some measures that can aid with the registration and protection of distinctive signs in Spain, which is an excellent opportunity to take the step to register our trademarks. On the other hand, and for those who are already owners, we recommend a complete and exhaustive audit of their trademark or trademark portfolio, which shall allow them to detect any possible divergence between registrations and their uses in order to facilitate the consolidation of their distinctive signs. This audit makes it possible to detect the new protection opportunities offered by the new Law, especially in relation to non-conventional trademarks.
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